The financial burden of grounded aircraft due to engine problems like those affecting CFM LEAP, PW1100 or the A330 NEO and Boeing 787s as examples is a complex issue with multiple stakeholders involved including OEMs; lessons or leasees and of course passengers or freight.
The primary responsibility typically lies with the engine manufacturer. When widespread issues like the recent PW1100G turbine blade problems occur, the manufacturer is often contractually obligated to compensate airlines for direct costs associated with grounding, but typical considerations for an operator might be:
* Lease payments: Who is liable for lease payments even if the aircraft isn’t flying.
* Maintenance and storage: Preserving grounded aircraft incurs costs for ongoing maintenance and parking at storage facilities.
* Lost revenue: Airlines lose potential income from ticket sales and cargo operations, covering flights with ACMI or delay retirement such as many operators do now with the 777X delays.
* Compensation to passengers: Airlines may need to reimburse passengers for delays, cancellations, and rebooking.
When the aircraft is leased then Maintenance Reserve Funds (MRF) which are funds set aside specifically for major maintenance events might be used.
* Adjust flight schedules: Airlines may cancel or consolidate flights, impacting revenue and customer satisfaction.
* Lease negotiations: Airlines may negotiate with lessors for lease extensions or reduced payments during grounding periods such as for Covid when many only paid for storage and power by the hour.
The impact on aircraft leases can be significant. Grounded aircraft affect lessors as well, as they lose income from lease payments and the grounded aircraft depreciate, impacting their residual value and future lease potential.
Storage further complicates the situation. Storing aircraft for extended periods requires specialized facilities and procedures to prevent damage and maintain airworthiness. This can involve:
* Regular maintenance: Performing routine tasks to prevent deterioration and ensure the aircraft remains flight-ready.
* Reactivation costs: Returning stored aircraft to service requires inspections, maintenance, and potentially costly repairs.
In conclusion, the financial responsibility for grounded aircraft with engine issues is shared between engine manufacturers, airlines, and lessors.
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